Defne Kırmızı is a PhD candidate at the History of Art and Architecture Department at Boston University, where she is currently working on her dissertation that focuses on the emergence of conceptual art practices through recurring group exhibitions in Turkey between the years 1974-1988. She received her Master of Fine Arts degree in Studio Arts with concentration of photography from the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Her photography practice reflects the transition from photochemical film to digital coding mechanisms in the global film industry. Her work documents the erasure of analog projection and the emergence of digital systems, which have marginalized traditional practices while reshaping how audiences experience cinema across multiple platforms. Her interest in analog filmmaking and projection systems situated them at the intersection of commercial and nonprofit; ocular and haptic; material and ephemeral.